| Achene |
Dry, hard, one-seeded fruit, without a special means of freeing the seed inside. Example: Sunflower. |
| Androecium |
The collective term for the stamens of a flower. |
| Bisexual |
Flowers that have both fertile stamens and pistils. |
| Bulb |
Subterranean structure, consisting of a series of overlapping leaf bases inserted on a much reduced stem axis, as in the onion. |
| Calyx |
The collective term for the sepals. |
| Carpal |
The ovule-bearing structure at the base of the ovary. |
| Corm |
Dense, underground vertical stem with dry, papery leaf bases, as in Gladiolus. |
| Corolla |
The part of the flower between the calyx and the androecium, composed of petals. |
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| Corona |
A crown-like appendage at the center of the corolla. |
| Dioecious |
Male and female flowers (or, in the case of gymnosperms, reproductive organs) are found on separate plants. |
| Drupe |
Fleshy fruit surrounding a seed. Example: Olive. |
| Gynoecium |
The collective term for the carpels. |
| Imperfect |
A flower that has either pistils or stamens, but not both. A unisexual flower. |
| Involucrate |
Having an involucre, series of bracts surrounding a flower. |
| Monoecious |
Both male and female flowers (or, in the case of gymnosperms, reproductive organs) are present on the same plant. |
| Panicle |
An open flower cluster that branches. Flowers are on the final branchlets. Blooms from top to bottom. |
| Pedicle |
Stalk of an individual flower or fruit. |
| Perianth |
Collective name for the calyx and corolla, whether or not they can be identified separately.. |
| Protandry |
The male flowers on a plant with male and female flowers, or the anthers in bisexual flowers, are ready to release pollen before the female flower parts on the same plant are ready to receive pollen. The pollen must reach receptive female flowers or the stigmas in bisexual flowers on another plant. |
| Protogynous |
The female flowers on a plant with male and female flowers, or the stigmas in bisexual flowers, are ready to receive pollen before pollen releasee on the same plant takes place. The pollen must come from another plant. |
| Pistils |
The female flower parts, found at the center of the flower. |
| Raceme |
An elongated, unbranched, flower cluster. Flowers are on individual stalks. The lowest flowers on the stalks bloom first. |
| Receptacle |
For an individual flower, the structure to which flower parts are attached. |
| Rhizome |
An underground horizontal stem which bears reduced scaly leaves, as in Yucca. |
| Sepals |
The leaf-like petals that form the outermost part of the flower. |
| Stamen |
The male (pollen-producing) part of a flower. |
| Zygomorphic |
Bilaterally symmetrical: When divided along a particular plane, the two parts are mirror images. |
